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+// Backbone.js 0.5.3
+// (c) 2010-2011 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+// Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+// For all details and documentation:
+// http://documentcloud.github.com/backbone
+
+(function(){
+
+ // Initial Setup
+ // -------------
+
+ // Save a reference to the global object.
+ var root = this;
+
+ // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable.
+ var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+ // Create a local reference to slice.
+ var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+
+ // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will
+ // be attached to this. Exported for both CommonJS and the browser.
+ var Backbone;
+ if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+ Backbone = exports;
+ } else {
+ Backbone = root.Backbone = {};
+ }
+
+ // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+ Backbone.VERSION = '0.5.3';
+
+ // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present.
+ var _ = root._;
+ if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore')._;
+
+ // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, or Ender owns the `$` variable.
+ var $ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender;
+
+ // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+ // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+ Backbone.noConflict = function() {
+ root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+ return this;
+ };
+
+ // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option will
+ // fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and set a
+ // `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+ Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+ // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+ // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
+ // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+ // form param named `model`.
+ Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+ // Backbone.Events
+ // -----------------
+
+ // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+ // custom events. You may `bind` or `unbind` a callback function to an event;
+ // `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in succession.
+ //
+ // var object = {};
+ // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+ // object.bind('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+ // object.trigger('expand');
+ //
+ Backbone.Events = {
+
+ // Bind an event, specified by a string name, `ev`, to a `callback` function.
+ // Passing `"all"` will bind the callback to all events fired.
+ bind : function(ev, callback, context) {
+ var calls = this._callbacks || (this._callbacks = {});
+ var list = calls[ev] || (calls[ev] = {});
+ var tail = list.tail || (list.tail = list.next = {});
+ tail.callback = callback;
+ tail.context = context;
+ list.tail = tail.next = {};
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Remove one or many callbacks. If `callback` is null, removes all
+ // callbacks for the event. If `ev` is null, removes all bound callbacks
+ // for all events.
+ unbind : function(ev, callback) {
+ var calls, node, prev;
+ if (!ev) {
+ this._callbacks = null;
+ } else if (calls = this._callbacks) {
+ if (!callback) {
+ calls[ev] = {};
+ } else if (node = calls[ev]) {
+ while ((prev = node) && (node = node.next)) {
+ if (node.callback !== callback) continue;
+ prev.next = node.next;
+ node.context = node.callback = null;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Trigger an event, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are passed the
+ // same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name.
+ // Listening for `"all"` passes the true event name as the first argument.
+ trigger : function(eventName) {
+ var node, calls, callback, args, ev, events = ['all', eventName];
+ if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return this;
+ while (ev = events.pop()) {
+ if (!(node = calls[ev])) continue;
+ args = ev == 'all' ? arguments : slice.call(arguments, 1);
+ while (node = node.next) if (callback = node.callback) callback.apply(node.context || this, args);
+ }
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ };
+
+ // Backbone.Model
+ // --------------
+
+ // Create a new model, with defined attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+ // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+ Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
+ var defaults;
+ attributes || (attributes = {});
+ if (options && options.parse) attributes = this.parse(attributes);
+ if (defaults = this.defaults) {
+ if (_.isFunction(defaults)) defaults = defaults.call(this);
+ attributes = _.extend({}, defaults, attributes);
+ }
+ this.attributes = {};
+ this._escapedAttributes = {};
+ this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
+ this.set(attributes, {silent : true});
+ this._changed = false;
+ this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+ if (options && options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+ this.initialize(attributes, options);
+ };
+
+ // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+ _.extend(Backbone.Model.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+
+ // Has the item been changed since the last `"change"` event?
+ _changed : false,
+
+ // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+ // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+ idAttribute : 'id',
+
+ // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+ // initialization logic.
+ initialize : function(){},
+
+ // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+ toJSON : function() {
+ return _.clone(this.attributes);
+ },
+
+ // Get the value of an attribute.
+ get : function(attr) {
+ return this.attributes[attr];
+ },
+
+ // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+ escape : function(attr) {
+ var html;
+ if (html = this._escapedAttributes[attr]) return html;
+ var val = this.attributes[attr];
+ return this._escapedAttributes[attr] = _.escape(val == null ? '' : '' + val);
+ },
+
+ // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+ // or undefined.
+ has : function(attr) {
+ return this.attributes[attr] != null;
+ },
+
+ // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"` unless you
+ // choose to silence it.
+ set : function(key, value, options) {
+ var attrs;
+ if (_.isObject(key)) {
+ attrs = key;
+ options = value;
+ } else {
+ attrs = {};
+ attrs[key] = value;
+ }
+
+ // Extract attributes and options.
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (!attrs) return this;
+ if (attrs.attributes) attrs = attrs.attributes;
+ if (options.unset) for (var attr in attrs) attrs[attr] = void 0;
+ var now = this.attributes, escaped = this._escapedAttributes;
+
+ // Run validation.
+ if (!options.silent && this.validate && !this._performValidation(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+ // Check for changes of `id`.
+ if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+ // We're about to start triggering change events.
+ var alreadyChanging = this._changing;
+ this._changing = true;
+
+ // Update attributes.
+ for (var attr in attrs) {
+ var val = attrs[attr];
+ if (!_.isEqual(now[attr], val) || (options.unset && (attr in now))) {
+ options.unset ? delete now[attr] : now[attr] = val;
+ delete escaped[attr];
+ this._changed = true;
+ if (!options.silent) this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, val, options);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Fire the `"change"` event, if the model has been changed.
+ if (!alreadyChanging) {
+ if (!options.silent && this._changed) this.change(options);
+ this._changing = false;
+ }
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose
+ // to silence it. `unset` is a noop if the attribute doesn't exist.
+ unset : function(attr, options) {
+ (options || (options = {})).unset = true;
+ return this.set(attr, null, options);
+ },
+
+ // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose
+ // to silence it.
+ clear : function(options) {
+ (options || (options = {})).unset = true;
+ return this.set(_.clone(this.attributes), options);
+ },
+
+ // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
+ // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overriden,
+ // triggering a `"change"` event.
+ fetch : function(options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ var model = this;
+ var success = options.success;
+ options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
+ if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false;
+ if (success) success(model, resp);
+ };
+ options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
+ return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options);
+ },
+
+ // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+ // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+ // state will be `set` again.
+ save : function(attrs, options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (attrs && !this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+ var model = this;
+ var success = options.success;
+ options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
+ if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false;
+ if (success) success(model, resp, xhr);
+ };
+ options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
+ var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : 'update';
+ return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, method, this, options);
+ },
+
+ // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. Upon success, the model is removed
+ // from its collection, if it has one.
+ destroy : function(options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (this.isNew()) return this.trigger('destroy', this, this.collection, options);
+ var model = this;
+ var success = options.success;
+ options.success = function(resp) {
+ model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+ if (success) success(model, resp);
+ };
+ options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
+ return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'delete', this, options);
+ },
+
+ // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+ // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+ // that will be called.
+ url : function() {
+ var base = getUrl(this.collection) || this.urlRoot || urlError();
+ if (this.isNew()) return base;
+ return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) == '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
+ },
+
+ // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+ // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+ parse : function(resp, xhr) {
+ return resp;
+ },
+
+ // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+ clone : function() {
+ return new this.constructor(this);
+ },
+
+ // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+ isNew : function() {
+ return this.id == null;
+ },
+
+ // Call this method to manually fire a `change` event for this model.
+ // Calling this will cause all objects observing the model to update.
+ change : function(options) {
+ this.trigger('change', this, options);
+ this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+ this._changed = false;
+ },
+
+ // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+ // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+ hasChanged : function(attr) {
+ if (attr) return this._previousAttributes[attr] != this.attributes[attr];
+ return this._changed;
+ },
+
+ // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or false
+ // if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what parts of a
+ // view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be persisted to
+ // the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+ changedAttributes : function(now) {
+ if (!this._changed) return false;
+ now || (now = this.attributes);
+ var changed = false, old = this._previousAttributes;
+ for (var attr in now) {
+ if (_.isEqual(old[attr], now[attr])) continue;
+ (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = now[attr];
+ }
+ for (var attr in old) {
+ if (!(attr in now)) (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = void 0;
+ }
+ return changed;
+ },
+
+ // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+ // `"change"` event was fired.
+ previous : function(attr) {
+ if (!attr || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+ return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+ },
+
+ // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+ // `"change"` event.
+ previousAttributes : function() {
+ return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+ },
+
+ // Run validation against a set of incoming attributes, returning `true`
+ // if all is well. If a specific `error` callback has been passed,
+ // call that instead of firing the general `"error"` event.
+ _performValidation : function(attrs, options) {
+ var error = this.validate(attrs, options);
+ if (error) {
+ if (options.error) {
+ options.error(this, error, options);
+ } else {
+ this.trigger('error', this, error, options);
+ }
+ return false;
+ }
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // Backbone.Collection
+ // -------------------
+
+ // Provides a standard collection class for our sets of models, ordered
+ // or unordered. If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+ // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+ Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (options.comparator) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+ _.bindAll(this, '_onModelEvent', '_removeReference');
+ this._reset();
+ if (models) this.reset(models, {silent: true});
+ this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+
+ // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+ _.extend(Backbone.Collection.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+
+ // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+ // This should be overridden in most cases.
+ model : Backbone.Model,
+
+ // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+ // initialization logic.
+ initialize : function(){},
+
+ // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+ // models' attributes.
+ toJSON : function() {
+ return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(); });
+ },
+
+ // Add a model, or list of models to the set. Pass **silent** to avoid
+ // firing the `added` event for every new model.
+ add : function(models, options) {
+ if (_.isArray(models)) {
+ for (var i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+ this._add(models[i], options);
+ }
+ } else {
+ this._add(models, options);
+ }
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. Pass silent to avoid
+ // firing the `removed` event for every model removed.
+ remove : function(models, options) {
+ if (_.isArray(models)) {
+ for (var i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+ this._remove(models[i], options);
+ }
+ } else {
+ this._remove(models, options);
+ }
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Get a model from the set by id.
+ get : function(id) {
+ if (id == null) return null;
+ return this._byId[id.id != null ? id.id : id];
+ },
+
+ // Get a model from the set by client id.
+ getByCid : function(cid) {
+ return cid && this._byCid[cid.cid || cid];
+ },
+
+ // Get the model at the given index.
+ at : function(index) {
+ return this.models[index];
+ },
+
+ // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under normal
+ // circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item is added.
+ sort : function(options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+ this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator);
+ if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+ pluck : function(attr) {
+ return _.map(this.models, function(model){ return model.get(attr); });
+ },
+
+ // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+ // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+ // any `added` or `removed` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+ reset : function(models, options) {
+ models || (models = []);
+ options || (options = {});
+ this.each(this._removeReference);
+ this._reset();
+ this.add(models, {silent: true, parse: options.parse});
+ if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+ // collection when they arrive. If `add: true` is passed, appends the
+ // models to the collection instead of resetting.
+ fetch : function(options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (options.parse === undefined) options.parse = true;
+ var collection = this;
+ var success = options.success;
+ options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
+ collection[options.add ? 'add' : 'reset'](collection.parse(resp, xhr), options);
+ if (success) success(collection, resp);
+ };
+ options.error = wrapError(options.error, collection, options);
+ return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options);
+ },
+
+ // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. After the model
+ // has been created on the server, it will be added to the collection.
+ // Returns the model, or 'false' if validation on a new model fails.
+ create : function(model, options) {
+ var coll = this;
+ options || (options = {});
+ model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
+ if (!model) return false;
+ var success = options.success;
+ options.success = function(nextModel, resp, xhr) {
+ coll.add(nextModel, options);
+ if (success) success(nextModel, resp, xhr);
+ };
+ model.save(null, options);
+ return model;
+ },
+
+ // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+ // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+ parse : function(resp, xhr) {
+ return resp;
+ },
+
+ // Proxy to _'s chain. Can't be proxied the same way the rest of the
+ // underscore methods are proxied because it relies on the underscore
+ // constructor.
+ chain : function () {
+ return _(this.models).chain();
+ },
+
+ // Reset all internal state. Called when the collection is reset.
+ _reset : function(options) {
+ this.length = 0;
+ this.models = [];
+ this._byId = {};
+ this._byCid = {};
+ },
+
+ // Prepare a model to be added to this collection
+ _prepareModel : function(model, options) {
+ if (!(model instanceof Backbone.Model)) {
+ var attrs = model;
+ model = new this.model(attrs, {collection: this, parse: options.parse});
+ if (model.validate && !model._performValidation(model.attributes, options)) model = false;
+ } else if (!model.collection) {
+ model.collection = this;
+ }
+ return model;
+ },
+
+ // Internal implementation of adding a single model to the set, updating
+ // hash indexes for `id` and `cid` lookups.
+ // Returns the model, or 'false' if validation on a new model fails.
+ _add : function(model, options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
+ if (!model) return false;
+ var already = this.getByCid(model);
+ if (already) throw new Error(["Can't add the same model to a set twice", already.id]);
+ this._byId[model.id] = model;
+ this._byCid[model.cid] = model;
+ var index = options.at != null ? options.at :
+ this.comparator ? this.sortedIndex(model, this.comparator) :
+ this.length;
+ this.models.splice(index, 0, model);
+ model.bind('all', this._onModelEvent);
+ this.length++;
+ options.index = index;
+ if (!options.silent) model.trigger('add', model, this, options);
+ return model;
+ },
+
+ // Internal implementation of removing a single model from the set, updating
+ // hash indexes for `id` and `cid` lookups.
+ _remove : function(model, options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ model = this.getByCid(model) || this.get(model);
+ if (!model) return null;
+ delete this._byId[model.id];
+ delete this._byCid[model.cid];
+ var index = this.indexOf(model);
+ this.models.splice(index, 1);
+ this.length--;
+ options.index = index;
+ if (!options.silent) model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+ this._removeReference(model);
+ return model;
+ },
+
+ // Internal method to remove a model's ties to a collection.
+ _removeReference : function(model) {
+ if (this == model.collection) {
+ delete model.collection;
+ }
+ model.unbind('all', this._onModelEvent);
+ },
+
+ // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+ // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+ // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+ // in other collections are ignored.
+ _onModelEvent : function(ev, model, collection, options) {
+ if ((ev == 'add' || ev == 'remove') && collection != this) return;
+ if (ev == 'destroy') {
+ this._remove(model, options);
+ }
+ if (model && ev === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
+ delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
+ this._byId[model.id] = model;
+ }
+ this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+ var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'reduce', 'reduceRight', 'find', 'detect',
+ 'filter', 'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include',
+ 'contains', 'invoke', 'max', 'min', 'sortBy', 'sortedIndex', 'toArray', 'size',
+ 'first', 'rest', 'last', 'without', 'indexOf', 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'groupBy'];
+
+ // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+ _.each(methods, function(method) {
+ Backbone.Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
+ return _[method].apply(_, [this.models].concat(_.toArray(arguments)));
+ };
+ });
+
+ // Backbone.Router
+ // -------------------
+
+ // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+ // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+ Backbone.Router = function(options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+ this._bindRoutes();
+ this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+
+ // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+ // parts of route strings.
+ var namedParam = /:([\w\d]+)/g;
+ var splatParam = /\*([\w\d]+)/g;
+ var escapeRegExp = /[-[\]{}()+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+ // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+ _.extend(Backbone.Router.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+
+ // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+ // initialization logic.
+ initialize : function(){},
+
+ // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+ //
+ // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+ // ...
+ // });
+ //
+ route : function(route, name, callback) {
+ Backbone.history || (Backbone.history = new Backbone.History);
+ if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+ Backbone.history.route(route, _.bind(function(fragment) {
+ var args = this._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+ callback && callback.apply(this, args);
+ this.trigger.apply(this, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+ }, this));
+ },
+
+ // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+ navigate : function(fragment, options) {
+ Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+ },
+
+ // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+ // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+ // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+ _bindRoutes : function() {
+ if (!this.routes) return;
+ var routes = [];
+ for (var route in this.routes) {
+ routes.unshift([route, this.routes[route]]);
+ }
+ for (var i = 0, l = routes.length; i < l; i++) {
+ this.route(routes[i][0], routes[i][1], this[routes[i][1]]);
+ }
+ },
+
+ // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+ // against the current location hash.
+ _routeToRegExp : function(route) {
+ route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, "\\$&")
+ .replace(namedParam, "([^\/]*)")
+ .replace(splatParam, "(.*?)");
+ return new RegExp('^' + route + '$');
+ },
+
+ // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+ // extracted parameters.
+ _extractParameters : function(route, fragment) {
+ return route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // Backbone.History
+ // ----------------
+
+ // Handles cross-browser history management, based on URL fragments. If the
+ // browser does not support `onhashchange`, falls back to polling.
+ Backbone.History = function() {
+ this.handlers = [];
+ _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+ };
+
+ // Cached regex for cleaning hashes.
+ var hashStrip = /^#/;
+
+ // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
+ var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
+
+ // Has the history handling already been started?
+ var historyStarted = false;
+
+ // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+ _.extend(Backbone.History.prototype, {
+
+ // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+ // twenty times a second.
+ interval: 50,
+
+ // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
+ // the hash, or the override.
+ getFragment : function(fragment, forcePushState) {
+ if (fragment == null) {
+ if (this._hasPushState || forcePushState) {
+ fragment = window.location.pathname;
+ var search = window.location.search;
+ if (search) fragment += search;
+ } else {
+ fragment = window.location.hash;
+ }
+ }
+ fragment = decodeURIComponent(fragment.replace(hashStrip, ''));
+ if (!fragment.indexOf(this.options.root)) fragment = fragment.substr(this.options.root.length);
+ return fragment;
+ },
+
+ // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+ // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+ start : function(options) {
+
+ // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+ // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+ if (historyStarted) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
+ this.options = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options);
+ this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState;
+ this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && window.history && window.history.pushState);
+ var fragment = this.getFragment();
+ var docMode = document.documentMode;
+ var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
+ if (oldIE) {
+ this.iframe = $('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1" />').hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
+ this.navigate(fragment);
+ }
+
+ // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+ // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+ if (this._hasPushState) {
+ $(window).bind('popstate', this.checkUrl);
+ } else if ('onhashchange' in window && !oldIE) {
+ $(window).bind('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+ } else {
+ setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+ }
+
+ // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
+ // opened by a non-pushState browser.
+ this.fragment = fragment;
+ historyStarted = true;
+ var loc = window.location;
+ var atRoot = loc.pathname == this.options.root;
+ if (this._wantsPushState && !this._hasPushState && !atRoot) {
+ this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
+ window.location.replace(this.options.root + '#' + this.fragment);
+ // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+ return true;
+ } else if (this._wantsPushState && this._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) {
+ this.fragment = loc.hash.replace(hashStrip, '');
+ window.history.replaceState({}, document.title, loc.protocol + '//' + loc.host + this.options.root + this.fragment);
+ }
+
+ if (!this.options.silent) {
+ return this.loadUrl();
+ }
+ },
+
+ // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later may
+ // override previous routes.
+ route : function(route, callback) {
+ this.handlers.unshift({route : route, callback : callback});
+ },
+
+ // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+ // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+ checkUrl : function(e) {
+ var current = this.getFragment();
+ if (current == this.fragment && this.iframe) current = this.getFragment(this.iframe.location.hash);
+ if (current == this.fragment || current == decodeURIComponent(this.fragment)) return false;
+ if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+ this.loadUrl() || this.loadUrl(window.location.hash);
+ },
+
+ // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+ // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+ // returns `false`.
+ loadUrl : function(fragmentOverride) {
+ var fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragmentOverride);
+ var matched = _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+ if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+ handler.callback(fragment);
+ return true;
+ }
+ });
+ return matched;
+ },
+
+ // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+ // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+ // the fragment in advance.
+ //
+ // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+ // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+ // you which to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+ navigate : function(fragment, options) {
+ if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: options};
+ var frag = (fragment || '').replace(hashStrip, '');
+ if (this.fragment == frag || this.fragment == decodeURIComponent(frag)) return;
+ if (this._hasPushState) {
+ if (frag.indexOf(this.options.root) != 0) frag = this.options.root + frag;
+ this.fragment = frag;
+ window.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, frag);
+ } else {
+ this.fragment = frag;
+ this._updateHash(window.location, frag, options.replace);
+ if (this.iframe && (frag != this.getFragment(this.iframe.location.hash))) {
+ // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a history entry on hash-tag change.
+ // When replace is true, we don't want this.
+ if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+ this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, frag, options.replace);
+ }
+ }
+ if (options.trigger) this.loadUrl(fragment);
+ },
+
+ // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+ // a new one to the browser history.
+ _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
+ if (replace) {
+ location.replace(location.toString().replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, "") + "#" + fragment);
+ } else {
+ location.hash = fragment;
+ }
+ }
+ });
+
+ // Backbone.View
+ // -------------
+
+ // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+ // if an existing element is not provided...
+ Backbone.View = function(options) {
+ this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+ this._configure(options || {});
+ this._ensureElement();
+ this.delegateEvents();
+ this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+
+ // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+ var eventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+ // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+ var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName'];
+
+ // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+ _.extend(Backbone.View.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
+
+ // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+ tagName : 'div',
+
+ // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+ // current view. This should be prefered to global lookups where possible.
+ $ : function(selector) {
+ return (selector == null) ? $(this.el) : $(selector, this.el);
+ },
+
+ // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+ // initialization logic.
+ initialize : function(){},
+
+ // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+ // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+ // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+ render : function() {
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Remove this view from the DOM. Note that the view isn't present in the
+ // DOM by default, so calling this method may be a no-op.
+ remove : function() {
+ $(this.el).remove();
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // For small amounts of DOM Elements, where a full-blown template isn't
+ // needed, use **make** to manufacture elements, one at a time.
+ //
+ // var el = this.make('li', {'class': 'row'}, this.model.escape('title'));
+ //
+ make : function(tagName, attributes, content) {
+ var el = document.createElement(tagName);
+ if (attributes) $(el).attr(attributes);
+ if (content) $(el).html(content);
+ return el;
+ },
+
+ // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+ //
+ // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+ //
+ // {
+ // 'mousedown .title': 'edit',
+ // 'click .button': 'save'
+ // }
+ //
+ // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+ // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+ // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+ // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
+ // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+ delegateEvents : function(events) {
+ if (!(events || (events = this.events))) return;
+ if (_.isFunction(events)) events = events.call(this);
+ this.undelegateEvents();
+ for (var key in events) {
+ var method = this[events[key]];
+ if (!method) throw new Error('Event "' + events[key] + '" does not exist');
+ var match = key.match(eventSplitter);
+ var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
+ method = _.bind(method, this);
+ eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
+ if (selector === '') {
+ $(this.el).bind(eventName, method);
+ } else {
+ $(this.el).delegate(selector, eventName, method);
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+ // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
+ undelegateEvents : function() {
+ $(this.el).unbind('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+ },
+
+ // Performs the initial configuration of a View with a set of options.
+ // Keys with special meaning *(model, collection, id, className)*, are
+ // attached directly to the view.
+ _configure : function(options) {
+ if (this.options) options = _.extend({}, this.options, options);
+ for (var i = 0, l = viewOptions.length; i < l; i++) {
+ var attr = viewOptions[i];
+ if (options[attr]) this[attr] = options[attr];
+ }
+ this.options = options;
+ },
+
+ // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+ // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+ // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+ // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+ _ensureElement : function() {
+ if (!this.el) {
+ var attrs = this.attributes || {};
+ if (this.id) attrs.id = this.id;
+ if (this.className) attrs['class'] = this.className;
+ this.el = this.make(this.tagName, attrs);
+ } else if (_.isString(this.el)) {
+ this.el = $(this.el).get(0);
+ }
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // The self-propagating extend function that Backbone classes use.
+ var extend = function (protoProps, classProps) {
+ var child = inherits(this, protoProps, classProps);
+ child.extend = this.extend;
+ return child;
+ };
+
+ // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, and view.
+ Backbone.Model.extend = Backbone.Collection.extend =
+ Backbone.Router.extend = Backbone.View.extend = extend;
+
+ // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+ var methodMap = {
+ 'create': 'POST',
+ 'update': 'PUT',
+ 'delete': 'DELETE',
+ 'read' : 'GET'
+ };
+
+ // Backbone.sync
+ // -------------
+
+ // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+ // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+ // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+ // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+ //
+ // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+ // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+ // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+ //
+ // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+ // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+ // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead of
+ // `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+ // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+ // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+ Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
+ var type = methodMap[method];
+
+ // Default JSON-request options.
+ var params = {type : type, dataType : 'json'};
+
+ // Ensure that we have a URL.
+ if (!options.url) {
+ params.url = getUrl(model) || urlError();
+ }
+
+ // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+ if (!options.data && model && (method == 'create' || method == 'update')) {
+ params.contentType = 'application/json';
+ params.data = JSON.stringify(model.toJSON());
+ }
+
+ // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+ if (Backbone.emulateJSON) {
+ params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+ params.data = params.data ? {model : params.data} : {};
+ }
+
+ // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+ // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+ if (Backbone.emulateHTTP) {
+ if (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE') {
+ if (Backbone.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+ params.type = 'POST';
+ params.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
+ xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+ };
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+ if (params.type !== 'GET' && !Backbone.emulateJSON) {
+ params.processData = false;
+ }
+
+ // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+ return $.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+ };
+
+ // Helpers
+ // -------
+
+ // Shared empty constructor function to aid in prototype-chain creation.
+ var ctor = function(){};
+
+ // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+ // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+ // class properties to be extended.
+ var inherits = function(parent, protoProps, staticProps) {
+ var child;
+
+ // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+ // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+ // by us to simply call `super()`.
+ if (protoProps && protoProps.hasOwnProperty('constructor')) {
+ child = protoProps.constructor;
+ } else {
+ child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+ }
+
+ // Inherit class (static) properties from parent.
+ _.extend(child, parent);
+
+ // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+ // `parent`'s constructor function.
+ ctor.prototype = parent.prototype;
+ child.prototype = new ctor();
+
+ // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+ // if supplied.
+ if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+ // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+ if (staticProps) _.extend(child, staticProps);
+
+ // Correctly set child's `prototype.constructor`.
+ child.prototype.constructor = child;
+
+ // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed later.
+ child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+ return child;
+ };
+
+ // Helper function to get a URL from a Model or Collection as a property
+ // or as a function.
+ var getUrl = function(object) {
+ if (!(object && object.url)) return null;
+ return _.isFunction(object.url) ? object.url() : object.url;
+ };
+
+ // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+ var urlError = function() {
+ throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+ };
+
+ // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+ var wrapError = function(onError, originalModel, options) {
+ return function(model, resp) {
+ var resp = model === originalModel ? resp : model;
+ if (onError) {
+ onError(model, resp, options);
+ } else {
+ originalModel.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+ }
+ };
+ };
+
+}).call(this);